Uzbekistan has adopted new rules on environmental expertise and EIA for PPP and investment projects. The article reviews international standards (EU, WB, IFC, EBRD), the 2025 national framework, and key challenges in implementing environmental requirements.
The article provides a comparative analysis of the legal regulation of public-private partnerships (PPP) in Central Asian countries: Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan. It examines the specific features of legislative frameworks, institutional mechanisms, and the practical outcomes of their implementation. Kazakhstan is identified as the most advanced jurisdiction with a detailed regulatory base and established assessment methodologies, while other countries face the challenge of strengthening institutions and improving procedures. The study concludes that the effectiveness of PPP development directly depends on the quality of legislation, the degree of transparency in processes, and the state’s readiness to engage in genuine partnership with the private sector.
This paper examines the key factors driving countries to adopt toll highway models, the mechanisms of toll collection (vignettes and electronic systems) in Europe, as well as tariff practices in Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Russia.
Particular attention is given to Uzbekistan’s planned projects — the “Tashkent–Andijan” and “Tashkent–Samarkand” toll roads — their potential, associated risks, and impact on the development of the national road network.
